Caùch xeùt mình vaø xöng toäi
theo ñeà nghò cuûa Ñöùc Thaùnh Cha Phanxicoâ
Caùch xeùt mình vaø xöng toäi theo ñeà nghò cuûa Ñöùc Thaùnh Cha Phanxicoâ.
Ñaëng Töï Do
Vatican (VietCatholic News 19-03-2019) - Ñeå chuaån bò cho vieäc cöû haønh 24 giôø cho Chuùa vaøo ngaøy thöù Saùu 29 thaùng Ba naêm 2019, Hoäi Ñoàng Toøa Thaùnh Taùi Truyeàn Giaûng Tin Möøng ñaõ phoå bieán baûn höôùng daãn veà caùch xeùt mình vaø xöng toäi baèng caùc thöù tieáng Anh, Phaùp, YÙ vaø Taây Ban Nha.
Döôùi ñaây laø baûn dòch sang Vieät ngöõ:
Khi ñöôïc yeâu caàu ñöa ra nhöõng lôøi khuyeân cho caùc hoái nhaân coù theå xöng toäi neân, Ñöùc Thaùnh Cha Phanxicoâ cho bieát: "Hoï neân xem xeùt söï thaät cuûa cuoäc soáng mình tröôùc Chuùa, hoï caûm thaáy gì, hoï nghó gì. Hoï caàn quan saùt baûn thaân mình vaø nhöõng toäi loãi ñaõ phaïm vôùi loøng chaân thaønh. Vaø hoï phaûi caûm thaáy mình laø nhöõng ngöôøi toäi loãi, vaø ñeå cho mình ñöôïc traàm troà ngaïc nhieân tröôùc Thieân Chuùa" (Ñöùc Thaùnh Cha Phanxicoâ, Danh Thieân Chuùa laø Loøng thöông xoùt, trang 58-59).
Baûn Xeùt Mình Cuûa Ñöùc Thaùnh Cha Phanxicoâ
Vieäc xeùt mình bao goàm vieäc töï hoûi baûn thaân veà nhöõng toäi loãi ñaõ phaïm vaø nhöõng ñieàu laønh phuùc ñöùc ñaõ lô laø beâ treã khoâng thöïc hieän trong moái quan heä vôùi Thieân Chuùa, ngöôøi laân caän vaø chính chuùng ta.
- Lieân quan ñeán Thieân Chuùa
Toâi coù keâu teân Ñöùc Chuùa Trôøi voâ côù khoâng?
Toâi coù döï leã ngaøy Chuùa Nhaät vaø caùc ngaøy leã buoäc khoâng?
Toâi coù baét ñaàu vaø keát thuùc moãi ngaøy baèng lôøi caàu nguyeän khoâng?
Toâi coù keâu danh thaùnh Chuùa, Ñöùc Maria hay caùc thaùnh voâ côù khoâng?
Toâi coù xaáu hoå khi ngöôøi ta bieát toâi laø moät Kitoâ höõu khoâng?
Toâi coù laøm gì ñeå phaùt trieån taâm linh khoâng? Laøm nhö theá? Khi naøo?
Toâi coù noåi loaïn choáng laïi hoaïch ñòch cuûa Chuùa khoâng?
Toâi coù mong ñôïi Ngaøi phaûi chieàu theo yù rieâng toâi khoâng?
- Lieân quan ñeán ngöôøi laân caän vôùi chuùng ta
Toâi coù tha thöù, theå hieän loøng traéc aån vaø giuùp ñôõ ngöôøi laân caän cuûa mình khoâng?
Toâi coù phæ baùng, cöôùp boùc, hay khinh bæ treû em vaø nhöõng ngöôøi voâ phöông töï veä khoâng?
Toâi coù ghen tò, phaãn noä, hay thieân vò khoâng?
Toâi coù chaêm soùc ngöôøi ngheøo vaø ngöôøi ñau yeáu khoâng?
Toâi coù khinh reû nhaân tính cuûa anh chò em toâi khoâng?
Toâi coù trung thöïc vaø coâng bình vôùi moïi ngöôøi hay toâi nuoâi döôõng moät thöù vaên hoùa gaït boû ngöôøi khaùc qua moät beân?
Toâi coù kích ñoäng ngöôøi khaùc laøm ñieàu sai traùi khoâng?
Toâi coù tuaân giöõ giaùo huaán luaân lyù cuûa Tin Möøng veà hoân nhaân vaø gia ñình khoâng?
Toâi thöïc thi traùch nhieäm giaùo duïc con caùi mình nhö theá naøo?
Toâi coù thaûo kính cha meï khoâng?
Toâi coù khöôùc töø cuoäc soáng môùi ñöôïc thuï thai khoâng? [ngöøa thai]
Toâi coù daäp taét moùn quaø cuoäc soáng naøy khoâng? [phaù thai]
Toâi coù giuùp ai laøm nhö theá khoâng? [giuùp phaù thai]
Toâi coù toân troïng moâi tröôøng khoâng?
- Lieân quan ñeán baûn thaân
Toâi coù soáng hai maët, moät chuùt traàn tuïc vaø moät chuùt thaùnh thieän, khoâng?
Toâi coù aên, uoáng, huùt thuoác vaø giaûi trí quaù ñoä khoâng?
Toâi coù quan taâm ñeán söùc khoûe theå chaát vaø taøi saûn cuûa mình moät caùch quaù ñaùng khoâng?
Toâi söû duïng thôøi gian cuûa mình nhö theá naøo?
Toâi coù löôøi nhaùc khoâng?
Toâi coù muoán ñöôïc ngöôøi ta phuïc dòch khoâng?
Toâi coù yeâu meán vaø coá gaéng ñaït ñeán söï thanh saïch trong taâm hoàn, trong suy nghó vaø haønh ñoäng cuûa mình khoâng?
Toâi coù ao öôùc traû thuø hay nuoâi haän trong loøng khoâng?
Toâi coù hieàn laønh vaø khieâm nhöôøng khoâng? Coù laø ngöôøi xaây döïng hoøa bình khoâng?
Caùch Xöng Toäi
Khi baïn ñeán vôùi toøa giaûi toäi nhö moät hoái nhaân, vò linh muïc thaân maät chaøo ñoùn baïn baèng nhöõng lôøi khích leä.
Ngaøi taùi hieän Loøng Thöông Xoùt Chuùa. Cuøng vôùi vò linh muïc, baïn laøm daáu thaùnh giaù:
Nhaân danh Cha vaø Con vaø Thaùnh Thaàn.
Vò linh muïc seõ giuùp baïn môû loøng mình ra tín thaùc vaøo Loøng Thöông Xoùt Chuùa vôùi nhöõng lôøi sau hoaëc töông töï:
Xin Thieân Chuùa, Ñaáng haèng soi saùng moïi taâm hoàn, giuùp baïn nhaän bieát toäi loãi mình vaø tin töôûng vaøo loøng thöông xoùt cuûa Ngöôøi.
Vò linh muïc, tuøy theo hoaøn caûnh cho pheùp, seõ ñoïc trong saùch hoaëc noùi töø kyù öùc cuûa mình moät vaên baûn töø Saùch Thaùnh noùi veà loøng thöông xoùt cuûa Thieân Chuùa vaø keâu goïi chuùng ta hoaùn caûi.
Neáu anh em tha loãi cho ngöôøi ta, thì Cha anh em treân trôøi cuõng seõ tha thöù cho anh em. Nhöng neáu anh em khoâng tha thöù cho ngöôøi ta, thì Cha anh em cuõng seõ khoâng tha loãi cho anh em. (Mt 6: 14-15)
Taïi thôøi ñieåm naøy baïn coù theå thuù nhaän toäi loãi cuûa baïn. Neáu caàn thieát, vò linh muïc seõ giuùp baïn vôùi nhöõng caâu hoûi vaø lôøi khuyeân phuø hôïp. Sau ñoù, linh muïc môøi hoái nhaân bieåu loä loøng aên naên baèng caùch ñoïc kinh AÊn Naên Toäi hoaëc moät coâng thöùc töông töï:
Laïy Chuùa con, Chuùa laø Ñaáng troïn toát troïn laønh voâ cuøng. Chuùa ñaõ döïng neân con, vaø cho Con Chuùa ra ñôøi chòu naïn chòu cheát vì con, maø con ñaõ caû loøng phaûn nghòch loãi nghóa cuøng Chuùa, thì con lo buoàn ñau ñôùn, cuøng cheâ gheùt moïi toäi con treân heát moïi söï; con doác loøng chöøa caûi, vaø nhôø ôn Chuùa thì con seõ laùnh xa dòp toäi cuøng laøm vieäc ñeàn toäi cho xöùng. Amen.
Hoaëc laø
Laïy Chuùa Gieâsu, Con Thieân Chuùa Haèng Soáng, xin thöông xoùt con, laø keû toäi loãi.
Hoaëc laø
Laïy Chuùa, xin nhôù laïi nghóa naëng vôùi aân saâu Ngaøi ñaõ töøng bieåu loä töø muoân thuôû muoân ñôøi. Tuoåi xuaân troùt daïi bao laàm loãi, xin Ngaøi ñöøng nhôù ñeán, nhöng xin laáy tình thöông maø nhôù ñeán con cuøng. (Tv 25: 6-7)
Tuøy hoaøn caûnh thích hôïp, vò linh muïc, coù theå ñaët hai tay (hoaëc ít nhaát laø baøn tay phaûi) leân ñaàu cuûa hoái nhaân, vaø noùi,
Thieân Chuùa laø Cha giaøu loøng thöông xoùt, ñaõ nhôø söï cheát vaø soáng laïi cuûa Con Chuùa maø giao hoøa theá gian vôùi Chuùa. Vaø ñaõ ban Thaùnh Thaàn ñeå tha toäi, xin Chuùa duøng taùc vuï cuûa Hoäi thaùnh maø ban cho con ôn tha thöù vaø bình an. Vaäy cha tha toäi cho con, nhaân danh Cha vaø Con vaø Thaùnh thaàn.
Baïn traû lôøi: Amen.
Sau khi ban pheùp xaù giaûi, linh muïc noùi tieáp:
Haõy taï ôn Chuùa laø Ñaáng nhaân laønh
Baïn traû lôøi: Loøng thöông xoùt cuûa Chuùa toàn taïi ñeán muoân ñôøi.
Vò linh muïc ban bình an cho baïn:
Chuùa ñaõ giaûi thoaùt con khoûi moïi toäi loãi. Haõy ra ñi trong bình an.
Caùch xeùt mình vaø xöng toäi baèng Anh ngöõ theo ñeà nghò cuûa Ñöùc Thaùnh Cha Phanxicoâ
Pontifical Council For The Promotion Of The New Evangelization
When asked about what counsels he would give penitents for a good confession, Pope Francis replied, "They should consider the truth of their lives before God, what they feel, what they think. They should be able to observe themselves and their sin with sincerity. And they should feel themselves to be sinners and let themselves be surprised, amazed by God" (Pope Francis, The Name of God Is Mercy, pp. 58-59).
POPE FRANCIS' EXAMINATION OF CONSCIENCE
It consists of asking ourselves about the evil committed and the good omitted in relation to God, our neighbor, and ourselves.
In Relation to God
Do I address God only when I am in need?
Do I take part in the Mass on Sundays and days of obligation?
Do I begin and end my day with prayer?
Have I taken the name of God, Mary, or the saints in vain?
Have I been ashamed to be seen as a Christian?
What do I do to grow spiritually? How? When?
Do I rebel against God's designs?
Do I expect Him to do my will?
In Relation to Our Neighbor
Am I able to forgive, show compassion for, and help my neighbor?
Have I defamed, robbed, or disdained children and the defenseless?
Am I envious, wrathful, or biased?
Do I take care of the poor and the sick?
Am I ashamed of the humanity of my brother or my sister?
Am I honest and just to everyone or do I foster the "culture of casting aside"?
Have I incited others to do wrong?
Do I observe the Gospel's moral teaching on marriage and the family?
How do I handle my educational responsibilities towards my children?
Do I honor and respect my parents?
Have I refused newly-conceived life?
Have I extinguished the gift of life?
Have I helped to do so?
Do I respect the environment?
In Relation to Ourselves
Am I a bit worldly and a bit of a believer?
Do I exaggerate in eating, drinking, smoking, and entertainment?
Am I too concerned about my physical health and my possessions?
How do I use my time?
Am I lazy?
Do I want to be served?
Do I love and cultivate purity of heart and in thoughts and actions?
Do I think about revenge or hold grudges?
Am I meek and humble, a builder of peace?
HOW SHOULD I MAKE A CONFESSION?
When you approach as a penitent, the priests cordially welcomes you with words of encouragement.
He renders the merciful Lord present.
Together with the priest, make the sign of the cross, saying,
In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.
The priest helps you to open yourself to trust in God with these or similar words:
May God, who has enlightened every heart, help you to know your sins and trust in his mercy.
The priest, as circumstances permit, either reads or says from memory a text from Sacred Scripture speaking of the mercy of God and calling us to conversion.
If you forgive others for their failings, your Heavenly Father will also forgive you; but if you do not forgive others, neither will your Father forgive your failings. (Mt 6:14-15)
At this point you may confess your sins. If necessary, the priest helps you with questions and suitable advice. The priest invites the penitent to manifest repentance by reciting the Act of Contrition or another similar formula:
O my God, I am sorry with all my heart for having offended you, and I detest all my sins because of your just punishments, but most of all because they offend you, my God, who are all good and deserving of all my love. I firmly resolve, with the help of your grace, to amend my life, to sin no more, and to avoid whatever leads me to sin. Amen.
Or
Lord Jesus, Son of God, have mercy on me, a sinner.
Or
Lord, remember your love, your faithfulness enduring forever. Do not bear in mind my sins: remember me in your mercy, for the sake of your goodness, Lord. (Ps 24:6-7)
The priest, placing his hands (or at least his right hand) upon the head of the penitent, says,
God, the Father of mercies, through the death and resurrection of his Son, has reconciled the world to himself and sent the Holy Spirit among us for the forgiveness of sins; through the ministry of the Church may God give you pardon and peace, and I absolve you from your sins in the name of the Father and of the Son + and of Holy Spirit.
You respond: Amen.
After absolution the priest continues:
Give thanks to the Lord, for he is good.
You respond: His mercy endures forever.
The priest then takes leave of you, saying:
The Lord has freed you from your sins. Go in peace.
(Source: Pontifical Council For The Promotion Of The New Evangelization A Pastoral Aid)